Patients with Myeloma, Secondary Immunodeficiencies Face Higher Burden of Infection, Lower Survival

By Leah Sherwood - Last Updated: November 22, 2022

Patients with both multiple myeloma (MM) and secondary immunodeficiencies (SID) face a substantially higher burden of infection and healthcare resource use, as well as lower overall survival (OS) than those without SID, according to a retrospective cohort study.

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The results of the study were shared during a poster presentation at the 2022 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress, led by Joshua Richter, MD, of the Tisch Cancer Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York.

Dr. Richter and colleagues extracted the data for the study from the Optum-Humedica electronic record database during the period of October 1, 2015, to March 10, 2020. Patients aged 18 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of MM were included in the analysis and stratified into two cohorts: those with and without SID. Patients were excluded if they had SID or primary immunodeficiencies.

At 12-month follow-up, significantly more patients in the SID cohort experienced infections and hospitalizations (see TABLE 1).

TABLE 1. Outcome Measures of Patients with and Without SID at 12 Months
Burden of infection and healthcare resource use With SID (n=870) Without SID (n=3768) P value
Mean number of infections 7.07 4.58 <.001
Patients with one or more severe bacterial infections 276 (31.7%) 510 (13.5%) <.001
Patients with one or more infection-associated hospitalizations 231 (26.6%) 350 (9.3%) <.001
Patients who received one or more anti-infectives 805 (92.5%) 2195 (58.3%) <.001
Patients who received one or more antibiotics 754 (86.7%) 1800 (47.8%) <.001
Patients who received one or more antivirals 653 (75.1%) 1183 (31.4%) <.001
Patients who received one or more antifungals 244 (28.0%) 209 (5.5%) <.001
Mean number of hospitalizations 6.55 5.47 .11
Mean length of hospital stay 13.02 9.69 .22

Furthermore, OS at 24 months was lower in the SID cohort (74.9% of patients alive) than in the without-SID cohort (81.8%).

“Our study indicates that patients with MM who develop SID have a higher burden of infections, greater use of healthcare resources, and OS than patients without SID,” the investigators wrote in their poster presentation. “Understanding this burden of illness may help to develop earlier targeted treatments for patients with MM at risk of SID and improve outcomes for this population.”

This study was funded by Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc.

Reference

Richter J, Anderson-Smits C, Ren K, et al. Burden of infection in patients with multiple myeloma and secondary immunodeficiencies: a retrospective cohort study. Abstract #638P. Presented at the 2022 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress, September 9-13, 2022.

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