Identifying Features of Secondary Neoplasms in Classical Ph-Negative MPNs

Patients with polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are at risk of developing secondary malignant neoplasms (SMSNs). Researchers, presenting at the 15^th International Congress on Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Brooklyn, New York, conducted a retrospective analysis on a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database cohort to characterize the incidence of SMNs in patients with these myeloproliferative neoplasms.

“PV, EV, and PMF share similar incidence of SMNs, but the spectrum of SMNs were incomplete identical,” according to lead author of the study, Cai Yanan, of the Henan Provincial People’s Hospital at Zhengzhou University in China. The researchers established that “PMF patients developed SMNs earlier and suffered higher incidences of SMNs over time.”

Polycythemia Vera Shows Highest Incidence of Secondary Malignancies

A total of 35,456 SEER 18 patients were enrolled, of which 16,035 have PV (44.9%), 15,779 had ET (44.3%), and 3,831 with PMF (10.8%). Using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) for Oncology codes, SMNs were identified in 1,716 (10.7%), 1,609 (10.2%), and 377 (9.8%) of patients with PV, ET, and PMF, respectively (P>.05).

Excluding leukemia, the most common solid SMNs with an incidence greater than .6% were prostate and lung cancers. In patients with PV, other common sites included skin (.5%), gastrointestinal (.4%), and kidney (.3%).

Kidney (.3%) and urinary bladder (.2%) sites were more common in patients with ET. In patients with PMF, lymphoma (.3%) and skin cancer (.2%) were the most common MSNs.

Researchers noted that patients with PMF had a higher cumulative incidence of SMNs compared versus patients with PV or ET (P<.001), and a similar difference was observed in the cumulative incidences of leukemia and other solid SMNs besides leukemia (P<.001).

Reference

Yanan C, Wang Yuebo. Characteristics of secondary malignant neoplasms in classical Ph negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Abstract 120. 15^th International Congress on Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. November 2-3, 2023; Brooklyn, New York.