A novel multivariate model improved risk stratification in MDS compared with both the IPSS-R and IPSS-M. The rate of abnormal cytogenetics among AA patients with MDS is comparable to or lower than the general population. CDC database analysis suggests that MDS-related mortality has declined since 2011, though significant disparities remain. The COMMANDS study compared the efficacy of luspatercept with epoetin alfa in ESA-naïve lower-risk MDS. MRD negativity is a strong predictor of better prognosis and survival in patients with MM. Ongoing detection of TP53 mutations remains critical for accurate risk stratification and treatment planning in MM. Patients with double-hit or triple-hit MM had significantly poorer outcomes compared to those with single-hit MM. Novel agents such as belantamab mafodotin may improve PFS in patients with relapsed MM after anti-CD38 treatment. The phase III MANIFEST-2 trial compared pelabresib plus ruxolitinib with placebo plus ruxolitinib in JAKi-naive patients. The findings were from a retrospective study of patient data from the US Flatiron Health electronic health record database. A retrospective analysis covered two phase III trials of the JAK2 inhibitor in patients with and without monocytosis. A study evaluated progression according to hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, constitutional symptoms, and other markers.